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| 1968 |
| | | The US astronauts in Apollo 8 are the first humans to see (and photograph) the sight of the earth rising above the moon's horizon | |
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| 1969 |
| | | Neil Armstrong, commander of the US space mission Apollo 11, sets foot on the moon and says: 'That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.' | |
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| c. 1969 |
| | | Paintings discovered on stone slabs in a cave in Namibia are dated to about 28,000 years ago | |
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| 1969 |
| | | British scientists Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards fertilize in a test-tube eggs removed from human ovaries | |
|  | Human sperm fertilising an egg
Wellcome Photo Library
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| 1971 |
| | | The Soviets put into orbit the first space station, Salyut 1, but the crew of three die on returning to earth | |
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| 1971 |
| | | In the Apollo 15 mission US astronauts David Scott and James Irwin drive the vehicle Rover-1 on the surface of the moon | |
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| 1972 |
| | | The Tuskegee syphilis experiment in Alabama becomes a major scandal after a whistle-blower reveals the details | |
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| 1974 |
| | | British physicist Stephen Hawking describes how black holes can emit radiation, a process now known as 'Hawking radiation' | |
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| 1974 |
| | | More than 7000 life-size terracotta solders are unearthed at Xi'an, placed to guard the tomb of the third century BC Chinese emperor Shi Huangdi | |
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| 1974 |
| | | Donald Johanson and Tom Gray find an almost complete Australopithecus female skeleton at Hadar in Ethiopia, and nickname her Lucy after the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds | |
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